Climate Accounting & Forests: A new synthesis of 168 forest experiments finds nitrogen pollution can flip whether soils release more or less carbon, depending on conditions—helping explain long-standing carbon-cycle confusion. Hidden Warming Drivers: Another paper argues indirect greenhouse gases (like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides) add about 15% to warming but are largely missing from major climate frameworks. El Niño Update: NOAA formally declares El Niño conditions, with fears it could rapidly strengthen and bring extreme heat, floods, droughts, and food shocks worldwide. Carbon Markets: Vietnam says it will launch a domestic carbon exchange by late June to spur emissions cuts and attract investment. EU Battery Push: The European Commission backs a new €1.5 billion “Battery Booster Facility” with interest-free loans to scale battery manufacturing. Data Centers vs. Environment: Pasco County, Florida, moves toward a temporary moratorium on large data centers over water, power, noise, and climate impacts. Pollution & Health at Borders: California’s Newsom announces $46m to clean the Tijuana and New River sewage crisis. Air Rules in Play: The US EPA sends California vehicle emissions rules to Congress for possible reversal. Ocean Life Under Noise: A study finds ship noise in the Strait of Gibraltar may disrupt long-distance communication in pilot whales.